The Business Master (4th Edition)

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AM-EDIT REFERENCE MANUAL Version 1.30 (June, 1992) Copyright (C) 1991 by Paul L. Clem, Jr., all rights reserved PLC Software 1572 Montgomery Highway, Suite 104-D Birmingham, AL 35216 Voice: (205) 822-1619 CompuServe: 70751,1322 _______ ____|__ | (R) --| | |------------------- | ____|__ | Association of | | |_| Shareware |__| o | Professionals -----| | |--------------------- |___|___| MEMBER TABLE OF CONTENTS ----------------- SECTION PAGE ------- ---- 1. Introduction .............................................. 1 1.1 Definition of Shareware ................................. 2 1.2 Installation ............................................ 3 1.3 General Description ..................................... 4 1.4 Selecting the file to edit .............................. 7 1.5 Rules for non-text files ................................ 8 2. Positioning the current line .............................. 9 3. Editing a Line ............................................ 11 4. Function keys ............................................. 13 5. Starting a new file ....................................... 19 6. Commands .................................................. 21 6.1 Delete command .......................................... 22 6.2 Move command ............................................ 24 6.3 Copy command ............................................ 25 6.4 Insert commands ......................................... 27 6.5 Find commands ........................................... 28 6.6 Find command with option to replace ..................... 29 6.7 Find and replace all .................................... 30 6.8 Print commands .......................................... 31 6.9 Trace command ........................................... 32 7. System Information Screen ................................. 33 8. Using the calculator ...................................... 34 9. User ID function .......................................... 36 Appendix A - Messages .......................................... 40 A.1 Informative messages .................................... 40 A.2 Error messages .......................................... 43 1 INTRODUCTION ------------ The author of this system has been a contract programmer for over 20 years. During his career, he has had occasion to use numerous full- screen text editors on computers of all sizes. His goal in writing AM-EDIT has been to provide an editor for personal computer users which, based on his experience, combines the best fea- tures and avoids the pitfalls of the various editors he has used. Some of the features of the resulting system are listed below. * The entire system is written in assembler, so as to provide the fastest possible response time. * It is extremely fast in loading and saving files, and in find- ing text strings. * It is designed to allow the user to execute commands with max- imum speed and with minimal number of keystrokes. For example, after starting an edit, you can delete your entire file, no matter how large, with the following 3 keystrokes: 1. Enter the letter "d" (or "D") 2. Press Ctrl-Page Down 3. Press the ENTER key The entire file will be deleted in a fraction of a second. You can then restore your entire file by pressing Shift-F4. The file will be restored in the same amount of time that it took to delete it. * It is compact in size. AM-EDIT uses less than 40K of memory, and still provides extensive on-screen help. * It makes maximum usage of memory. AM-EDIT can store over 3 times the amount of data in real memory as compared to some PC editors. * It allows a user to "undo" mistakes, within reason of course. For example, if you make changes to a line and then notice you are changing the wrong line, you can restore the line by pressing function key F3. And if you delete a string of lines and then find that you deleted the wrong lines, you can press Shift-F4 to restore the deleted lines. * It allows a user to trace all lines which have been added, copied, moved, or changed since the edit began. * It allows each user to have his or her own "User ID", which identifies a group of parameters which have been defined by that user. Some examples of user parameters are the screen colors, the file backup option, and the number of lines to scroll when paging through the file. -1- The result is a "no-nonsense" full-screen text editor which is both powerful and extremely easy to use. It does not duplicate functions which can be performed by your operating system. It does not contain those complex functions which, in the opinion of the author, are of absolutely no use to most programmers and which cause even the most simple function to be more complicated than it needs to be. Consequently, you are not burdened with hugh manuals which must be consulted at every turn. Instead, you have a brief reference manual which you probably need to read only once. After that, you can use the series of HELP screens within the editor (initiated by pressing function key F1) to answer most of your questions. 1.1 DEFINITION OF SHAREWARE ----------------------- AM-EDIT is a "shareware program" and is provided at no charge to you for evaluation. Shareware is a method of distribution, not a type of software. Shareware distribution gives you a chance to try software before buying it. If you try a Shareware program such as AM-EDIT and continue to use it, you are expected to register. The Shareware system makes fitting your needs easier, because you can try a product before you buy. And because the overhead is low, prices are low also. Shareware has the ultimate money-back guarantee; if you don't use the product, you don't pay for it. If you find AM-EDIT useful for your needs and you continue to use it after a reasonable trial period, you are asked to make a registration payment of $40 to PLC Software. The registration payment includes $37 for the system and $3 for shipping. Add $5 if shipping overseas. Upon registering, you will receive: * A diskette containing the latest version of the system. * A printed and bound manual. * A registration number entitling you to free technical support. * Notifications of major new releases detailing all enhancements, with option to purchase at low cost. Registration will license one copy of AM-EDIT for use on any one com- puter at any one time. The registered version should NOT be given to any other computer users. However, please feel free to give the shareware version of AM-EDIT to friends and associates, with the understanding that they too should register if they find it useful and continue to use it. Remember that shareware is based on the honor system. The authors of shareware programs can not stay in business without the support of those using the programs. -2- The author is a member of the Association of Shareware Professionals (ASP). ASP wants to make sure that the shareware principle works for you. If you are unable to resolve a shareware-related problem with an ASP member by contacting the member directly, ASP may be able to help. The ASP Ombudsman can help you resolve a dispute or problem with an ASP member, but does not provide technical support for mem- bers' products. Please write to the ASP Ombudsman at 545 Grover Road, Muskegon, MI 49442 or send a CompuServe message via CompuServe Mail to ASP Ombudsman 70007,3536. 1.2 INSTALLATION ------------ The following is needed to run AM-EDIT: * An IBM PC or PS/2, or compatible. * A color or monochrome monitor. * DOS version 2.0 (or any later DOS version). * At least 128K of memory. * A hard disk drive. * A 3.5" or 5.25" floppy drive. The diskette that you receive will contain a file called AMEDIT.EXE. This is the ONLY program needed to run the AM-EDIT system. To install the system, copy AMEDIT.EXE from the diskette onto your hard disk drive. If you create a new directory for AM-EDIT, you may want to change your AUTOEXEC.BAT file to include the new directory in the PATH command. This will make it easier to execute the system from any directory. To execute AM-EDIT, enter "amedit" on the DOS command line and press the ENTER key. If you prefer, you can enter the name of the file that you wish to edit after the command, for example: amedit yourfile.bat <enter> If you do not enter a file name, then the first screen to appear will prompt you for the name of the file that you wish to edit (Refer to Section 1.4 - Selecting the file to edit). It should be noted that some keyboards use the term "Return" rather than "Enter". Whatever the wording, the Return key performs exactly the same as the Enter key. For convenience, the term "Enter key" is used throughout this manual. -3- 1.3 GENERAL DESCRIPTION ------------------- AM-EDIT is a full-screen text editor which allows you to create and update computer programs, batch files, and other text files. AM-EDIT does not pretend to be a word processor. It is first and fore- most a programmers tool. However, it can easily be used to create and maintain document files. The "split line" and "join line" functions, which are initiated by pressing function keys F7 and Shift-F7, were added especially for this purpose. The document you are reading right now was created using AM-EDIT. When you first execute AM-EDIT using a color monitor, you will see two different color schemes on the screen. The top two lines (lines 1 and 2) and the bottom line (line 25) of the screen will have a red background and white foreground. This is called the "highlight" color. The remainder of the screen is the area in which your text will appear. These lines will have a blue background with off-white foreground. This is called the "text" color. If you are using a monochrome monitor, the "highlight" scheme will be black on a grey background, and the "text" scheme will be white on a black background. These are the "default" color schemes. As you will see later in this manual, each user can set his or her own color schemes, and there can be up to 30 different users on the same computer (see Section 9). A field which is within the text area (lines 3-24 of the screen) but which has the same color scheme as screen lines 1, 2, and 25 is said to be "highlighted". The name of the file that you are editing is displayed on the top line of your screen. The number of lines in the file is also displayed on this line. You will notice that the file name displayed on the top line of the screen will initially be in the highlight color scheme. But once you have made a change to your file, the name is displayed with the text color scheme. This serves to remind you that there are one or more unsaved changes to your file. If you save your file during the edit, the file name reverts to the highlight color scheme. Line 2 of the screen provides an area for you to enter commands. This is called the "command line". Commands are entered within columns 10- 80 of this line. When the cursor is positioned on the command line, you are said to be in COMMAND mode. When you begin an edit, you will be in COMMAND mode. Whenever the cursor is positioned within the text area (lines 3-24), you are said to be in EDIT mode, and the word "EDIT" will appear in the first 4 columns of the screen's bottom line. -4- The first 7 columns of the text lines are reserved by the system for line numbers and other information which will be explained later in this manual. Line numbers are automatically maintained by the system in sequential order. These line numbers are NOT a part of your file, and are displayed strictly for your convenience. The system allows you to suppress the display of line numbers if you so desire. This is one of the options which you can specify when you define a User ID (see Section 9). If you suppress line numbers, only the first 2 columns of the lines are reserved by the system. This al- lows 78 characters of each line to appear on the screen as opposed to 73 characters if lines numbers are displayed. Except for null files, one of the lines in your file is the "current line". If line numbers are suppressed, the current line is identified by a highlighted left-pointing arrow in the first column of the line. Otherwise, the line number of the current line is highlighted, and the arrow appears immediately to the right of the line number. The line number of the current line is displayed on the bottom line of the screen, after the letter "L". When you begin an edit, the current line is the first line of your file. The position of the current line is crucial to most commands and func- ion keys within AM-EDIT. It is up to you to position this line (refer to Section 2 - Positioning the current line). The system also maintains a column number, which is displayed on the bottom line of the screen after the letter "C". The column number is ALWAYS the current (or last) position of the cursor within the current line. Since a line may have up to 1024 columns, the column number will always have a value of 1 through 1024. When you begin an edit, column number is 1. Column number applies only to the current line. If you are in COMMAND mode, you will notice that the column number remains unchanged if you move the cursor back and forth along the command line. Since a text line can have up to 1024 characters but not all of these characters can appear on the screen at any one time, your text lines may become offset. For example, if you are in EDIT mode and you press the "right arrow" key while the cursor is positioned at the last col- umn of the screen, you will notice that all text lines (but not line numbers) will shift left 1 column, with the leftmost character of each line shifting out of view. Whenever your text lines are offset by one or more characters, an asterisk (*) will appear after the column num- ber at the bottom of the screen. Whenever you are in COMMAND mode, you may either enter a command, pos- ition the current line, or go into EDIT mode. As you will see later in this document, there are several ways to go from COMMAND mode to EDIT mode. You will find that the easiest method is to simply press the ENTER key without entering a command. This will put you in EDIT mode with the cursor positioned at the current column number of the current line. -5- To get from EDIT mode to COMMAND mode, press the ESCAPE key (ESC). The command line will be cleared and the cursor will be positioned at the beginning of the command input area (column 10) on the command line. The middle part of the screen's bottom line is reserved for error and informative messages. Informative messages result from some action you have taken. For example, after the completion of a delete command, an informative message will tell you how many lines were deleted. The screen's bottom line also tells you if you are in character insert mode as opposed to character overwrite mode. If "INS" appears in col- umns 61-63, then you are in insert mode. To go into insert mode, press the insert key (INS or INSERT). To return to overwrite mode, press the insert key again. When you begin an edit, you will be in overwrite mode. All editing is done in real memory. When you begin your edit, the sys- tem uses only the amount of memory required to store itself and your file. If your file grows in size, the system will allocate more memory as needed. The amount of memory that can be allocated depends on the amount of memory on your computer, but cannot exceed 640k. If the size of your file should ever exceed available memory, you will get an error message, but you will still be able to save your file and exit the system in the normal way. The system can handle up to 60,000 lines. If your file should ever ex- ceed the maximum number of lines, you will get an error message, but you will still be able to save your file and exit the system in the normal way. -6- 1.4 SELECTING THE FILE TO EDIT -------------------------- As mentioned earlier, when you execute AM-EDIT from the DOS command line, you have the option of entering the name of the file that you wish to edit. If you choose not to enter the file name on the DOS command line or if the file name entered was not a valid file name, then the first screen that you see will be the file-to-edit screen. The file-to-edit screen asks you to enter the name of the file that you wish to edit. If the file is not in the current directory (the directory you were in when you executed AM-EDIT), then you must enter the full path name starting with the letter identifying the disk drive, for example: c:\janet\asmprogs\sorter.asm You also have the option of finding the file that you wish to edit by performing a directory search. To search the current directory, press the ENTER key at the file-to-edit prompt without entering a file name. A box will appear on the screen containing the names of files from the current directory. Subdirectory names are also included. The names are displayed in alphabetical order. Since only 18 file names appear on the directory search screen at one time, you can use the PAGE DOWN/PAGE UP keys and the up/down arrows to locate the file that you wish to edit. Once the desired file is high- lighted, press the ENTER key to select the file. If the file selected is a subdirectory, then the file names from that subdirectory are displayed. You may also enter a directory path and/or use the global file name characters (* and ?) at the file-to-edit prompt to initiate a direc- tory search, for example: c:\janet\ Displays all files in directory C:\JANET *.doc Displays all files in the current directory having a file suffix of "DOC". c:\janet\*.? Displays all files in directory C:\JANET having a a 1-character suffix or no suffix at all. During a directory search, you can go directly to the root directory of your hard disk by pressing function key F4. From there, you can get to any file on the disk. You can also press function key F8 at any time to cancel the directory search and return to the file-to-edit screen. -7- 1.5 RULES FOR NON-TEXT FILES ------------------------ When AM-EDIT detects that the file that you have selected for editing is a non-text file, such as an object module or an executable file, the system handles the file in a different manner. First, the system breaks the file into 72-character lines, with the last line having a length of 1 to 72 characters. This allows you to browse through the file using the up/down arrows and the PAGE UP and PAGE DOWN keys. You are not allowed to update a non-text file. If you press a function key such as F4 (delete line) or F5 (duplicate line), you will get the error message "You may NOT update a non-text file". The ONLY commands that you can use with non-text files are the FIND commands, but you may not use the replace string or the replace all options. If you attempt to execute a command other than a find, the error message "Command not valid for non-text files" will result. You may use functions key F9 to find the next occurrence of a string and Shift-F9 to find the previous occurrence. When you have finished browsing through a non-text file, press func- tion key F8 (save/exit key). This will return you immediately to the file-to-edit screen. -8- 2. POSITIONING THE CURRENT LINE ---------------------------- The position of the current line is crucial to most of the commands and function keys within AM-EDIT. You may use any of the methods listed below to position the current line. Unless otherwise noted, all of the keys mentioned below are va- lid in both COMMAND mode and EDIT mode. * The "up arrow" key moves the current line up 1 line. If the current line is already the first line of your file, the mes- sage "*** TOP OF DATA ***" will appear. * The "down arrow" key moves the current line down 1 line. If the current line is already the last line of your file, the message "*** END OF DATA ***" will appear. * "PAGE UP" causes the lines on your screen to scroll down by the number of lines set for the current User ID, with the position of the current line decreasing by the number of lines scrolled. If you are already at the top page of the file when you press PAGE UP, then the screen does NOT scroll and the informative message "*** TOP OF DATA ***" is displayed. * "PAGE DOWN" causes the lines on your screen to scroll up by the number of lines set for the current User ID, with the position of the current line increasing by the number of lines scrolled. If you are already at the last page of your file when you press PAGE DOWN, then the screen remains as is and the informative message "*** END OF DATA ***" appears. * Ctrl-PAGE UP positions the current line at the the first line of your file. * Ctrl-PAGE DOWN positions the current line at the the last line of your file. * Function key F9 searches for the next occurrence of the string defined in the most recent FIND command. If the text string is found, the line containing the string becomes the current line with the cursor positioned at the 1st character of the "found" string. Refer to Section 6.5 for more information about the FIND command. * Shift-F9 searches for the previous occurrence of the string de- fined by the most recent FIND command. If the string is found, the line containing the string becomes the current line, with the cursor positioned at the beginning of the "found" string. See Section 6.5 for more information about the FIND command. -9- * In COMMAND mode, you may set the current line to any line num- ber. To do this, enter the line number on the command line and press the ENTER key. If you enter zero, then the current line becomes the first line of the file. If you enter a number which exceeds the number of the last line of the file, then the cur- rent line becomes the file's last line. This feature is especially useful after you compile a program in which one or more errors were found. Since a compile will normally give you the line numbers where the errors occurred, you can use this feature to go directly to the line(s) which caused the errors. * In EDIT mode, pressing the ENTER key advances the current line to the next line on the screen, with the cursor positioned at the first non-blank character of that line (or column 1 if the line is blank). If the current line is positioned at the bot- tom line (line 24) on the screen when you press ENTER, then all lines on the screen will scroll up with the top line scrolling off the screen and the next line in order scrolling onto the screen. If you press the ENTER key while the current line is the LAST line of your file, the message "*** END OF DATA ***" is dis- played and the current line remains unchanged. * In EDIT mode, pressing the TAB key advances the cursor to the start of the next field within your file. If the next field is on another line, then that line becomes the current line. This may cause the lines on your screen to scroll up. * In EDIT mode, pressing Shift-TAB positions the cursor at the start of the previous field within your file. If the previous field is on another line, then that line becomes the current line. This may cause the lines on your screen to scroll down. If should be noted that when you are in the process of typing new lines into your file, the TAB and Shift-TAB keys perform in a different manner. See the description of function keys F6 and Shift-F6 in Section 4. -10- 3. EDITING A LINE -------------- The following keys may be used when entering the file-to-edit, when entering a command, or when adding/changing a text line. When you are in EDIT mode, some of the keys may cause the lines on your screen (but not line numbers) to shift either left or right. For example, if you press the right arrow key while the cursor is pos- itioned at the last column of the screen, then the text on all lines will shift left 1 position. Remember that while you are in EDIT mode, the column number displayed at the bottom right hand side of the screen tells you the position of the cursor on the current line. An asterisk (*) after the column num- ber indicates that your text is offset by one or more characters. * Left arrow moves the cursor left 1 column. If the cursor is al- ready positioned at the first column of the line, then the key is ignored (no error message is displayed). * Right arrow moves the cursor right 1 column. If the cursor is already positioned at the last column of the line (column 80 of the command line or column 1024 of a text line), the cursor will not move and the message "End of line" will appear. * The HOME key causes the cursor to be positioned at the first non-blank character of the line. If the line is blank, then the cursor will be positioned at the beginning of the line. * The END key positions the cursor at the column to the right of the last non-blank character of the line. However, if the last non-blank character is on the last column of the line (column 80 of the command line or column 1024 of a text line), then the cursor is positioned at the last column of the line. * The BACKSPACE key moves the cursor 1 position to the left and then erases the character at that cursor position. But if the cursor is positioned at the first column of the line, the key is ignored. * The DELETE (or DEL) key deletes the character at the current cursor position. All characters to the right of the deleted character will shift left 1 column. * Function key F2 erases the character at the current cursor pos- ition and all characters on the line which are to the right of the cursor. See Section 4 (Function keys) for more information. * Function key F3 restores a text line to its original state if you are in EDIT mode, repeats the last FIND command if you are in COMMAND mode, or repeats the previous file name if you are entering the file-to-edit. See Section 4 (Function keys) for more information. -11- * In EDIT mode, the TAB key advances the cursor to the start of the next field within your file. This provides an alternative to using the right arrow key when positioning the cursor. If the next field is on another line, then the cursor advances to the first field on that line, and that line becomes the cur- rent line. This may cause lines on your screen to scroll up. As an example, suppose you press the TAB key while the cursor is positioned at or past the last field of the last line (line 24) of the screen. The following will happen: * All lines on the screen will scroll up 1 line, with the top line scrolling off the screen. * The next line in order will scroll onto the screen. * The cursor is positioned at the start of the first field of the line that scrolled onto the screen. If, in the above example, the next line in order was blank or there were several blank lines before the next non-blank line, then all lines on the screen would have scrolled up until the non-blank line (or end of file) was reached. * In EDIT mode, the Shift-TAB key positions the cursor at the start of the previous field within your file. This key provides an alternative to using the left arrow key when positioning the cursor. Like the TAB key, the Shift-TAB may alter the position of the current line, and may cause the lines on your screen to scroll down one or more lines. * Ctrl-HOME positions the cursor at the first column of the line. If you are in COMMAND mode when you press this key, the cursor is positioned at the beginning of the command line. Otherwise, the cursor is positioned at column 1 of the current line. * Ctrl-END positions the cursor at the last column of the line. If you are in COMMAND mode when you press this key, the cursor is positioned at the end of the command line. Otherwise, the cursor is positioned at column 1024 of the current line. -12- 4. FUNCTION KEYS ------------- Function keys may be pressed while you are in COMMAND mode as well as when you are in EDIT mode. Since many of the function keys act as com- mands, you must make sure that the command area is blank whenever you press these keys while in COMMAND mode. Otherwise, the system does not know whether to process the command or the function key, and the error message "Command conflict" may result. F1 - Help key. Pressing this key will provide on-screen help at any time EXCEPT when you are within a special function such as the calculator, User ID function, or the System Information Screen. The help key brings up a menu which allows you to select one of several screens containing detailed information about AM-EDIT. F2 - Erases the character at the current cursor position and all characters to the right of the cursor on the line. Remember that since a text line can have up to 1024 characters but not all of these characters can appear on the screen at one time, this key may erase characters which are not seen on the current screen. F3 - This key has different usages depending on where you are. While entering the file-to-edit, function key F3 will repeat the name of the previous file (if any) that you edited. In COMMAND mode, function key F3 repeats the most recent FIND command. This is useful if you misspell a search string. In this situation, press function key F3 to restore the command, correct the spelling, and press the ENTER key to reissue the command. In EDIT mode, function key F3 restores the current line to its original state. This is useful if you make unwanted changes to a line, for example: * You press function key F2 to erase part of a line and then notice that you erased the wrong line. By pressing F3, the line is restored to its original state. * You begin entering a command and suddenly realize that the cursor is positioned on a text line instead of the command line. In this case, press F3 to restore the text line and then press the ESCAPE key to get to the command line. In EDIT mode, function key F3 applies only to the current line. Once you have moved the cursor away from a line, you can not return to that line to restore it. Also, if you change a line and then press F8 to save your file, you can not restore the line after the save is completed, even though the cursor is still positioned on that line. -13- F4 - Deletes the current line. If you are in EDIT mode and you delete the only remaining line in your file, you will automatically go into COMMAND mode (since you now have a "null file"). F5 - Duplicates the current line. F6 - This key, along with Shift-F6, allows you to use the keyboard to type new lines of text into your file. If you press F6 or Shift-F6 while already in the process of typ- ing new lines from the keyboard, then you will return to regular edit mode. Before pressing F6, you must position the current line to the line BEFORE which you wish to type the new line(s). You will note later on in this document that Shift-F6 is ident- ical to F6 except that it allows you to type new lines AFTER the current line. After you press F6, one of the following will happen: * If the current line is the last text line (line 24) on the screen, then all lines above the current line will scroll up leaving a blank line for you to type the new line. * In all other cases, all lines on the screen starting at the current line will scroll down leaving a blank line for you to type the new line. You may now type a new line in the space provided. After typing the new line, press the ENTER key. The lines on the screen will again scroll up or down leaving another blank line for you to type the next line. If you wish to insert a blank line, simply press the ENTER key without typing anything. You may type in as many lines as you wish. While you are in the process of typing new lines, the value "EDIT-ADD" will appear in columns 1-8 of the screen's bottom line. While adding a text line, you can press the TAB key to advance the cursor to a point which is based on the word offsets on the previous 5 non-blank lines. If the cursor is already past the beginning of the last word of text on these lines, pressing the TAB key will have no effect (the cursor does not move). Pressing Shift-TAB does the exact opposite of the TAB key when adding a text line. Also while typing a new line, you can use the right arrow key to duplicate the character which is just above the cursor pos- ition on the previous line. When you do this, the character insert flag is ignored, that is, you will get the same result in character insert mode as in character overwrite mode. -14- If you press any of the keys listed below while typing new text lines, the error "Key not valid while adding text" will appear: * F4 - delete the current line * F5 - duplicate the current line * F7 - split the current line * Shift-F4 - restore deleted line(s) * Shift-F7 - join the current line to the previous line Once you have finished typing new lines, do one of the following: * Press function key F6 (or Shift-F6) * Press the ESCAPE key to go into COMMAND mode * Press one of the line positioning keys (up or down arrow, PAGE UP, PAGE DOWN, Ctrl-PAGE UP, or Ctrl-PAGE DOWN) * Press function key F9 or Shift-F9 to search for the next or previous occurrence of a string. * Press function key F8 to save your file F7 - Splits the current line at the current cursor position. All characters starting at the cursor position are truncated from the line. A new line made up of the truncated portion is then added to the file after the current line. The new line then be- comes the current line with the cursor positioned at column 1. If the cursor is positioned at column 1 of the current line when you press F7, then the entire line is moved down leaving a blank line in its place. If you press F7 while the cursor is positioned after the last non-blank character of the current line, then the newly formed line will be blank. F8 - Save/exit key. Function key F8 is used to save your file and also to end an edit session. When you press F8 and there are text changes to save, the sys- tem proceeds to save your file, after which the message "Data saved - Repeat F8 to end edit" appears. If you press F8 and there have not been any changes to the file since the last save (or since you began the edit if this is the first save), then the system will NOT perform the save and the message "Data unchanged - Repeat F8 to end edit" appears. To end an edit, press function key F8 IMMEDIATELY after a save or a save attempt. You may save your file as often as you like during an edit ses- sion without ending the edit. At the time that you perform the first save of your text, your original file will be renamed to filename.BKP if you are using the backup option (see Section 9 - User ID function). F9 - Finds the next occurrence of a string (see Section 6.5). -15- F10 - Replaces a string (see Section 6.6). Shift-F1 - Displays the System Information screen (see Section 7). Shift-F2 - Initiates the calculator (see Section 8). Shift-F3 - Initiates the User ID function (see Section 9). Shift-F4 - Restores (undeletes) lines that you most recently deleted from your file by using the DELETE command or by pressing function key F4. When you press Shift-F4, the line(s) most recently deleted are restored into your file. The system maintains a DELETE TABLE containing information needed to restore deleted lines. Each time that you delete a line or group of lines either by pressing F4 or by using the DELETE command, an entry is made in this table. The DELETE TABLE is LIFO (last in/first out) and can hold up to 20 entries. If you delete text and the table is al- ready at capacity, then the oldest entry is bumped from the table, for example: 1. You delete 10 lines using function key F4. 2. You then press Shift-F4 5 times to restore the last 5 lines deleted in step 1. 3. You then delete 18 more lines using function key F4. 4. At this point, you can restore the 18 lines that you deleted in step 3 plus the 4th and 5th lines deleted in step 1. But you cannot restore the first 3 lines which were deleted in step 1 since these have been bumped from the DELETE TABLE. When you press Shift-F4, the deleted line(s) will normally be restored into your file with their original line num- ber(s). However, lines inserted into the file may alter the position at which the lines are restored, for example: 1. You use the DELETE command to delete lines 300-399. 2. You then insert 10 lines somewhere before line 300. 3. You then press Shift-F4 to restore the lines which were deleted in step 1. The lines will be restored into the file as lines 310-409. After line(s) are restored into your file, the first line restored becomes the current line, and a count of the num- ber of restored lines is displayed. Shift-F5 - Writes a printer "forms feed" character into your file. This feature is provided for users writing documents who may wish to include page ejects for printing purposes. This function should not be used when writing programs, since the forms feed character can cause an error during compilation of your program. -16- Shift-F6 - This key allows you to use the keyboard to type new lines into your file. Before pressing Shift-F6, you must position the current line to the line AFTER which you wish to type the new line(s). As described earlier, function key F6 performs the same task as Shift-F6, with the exception that function key F6 allows you to type new lines BEFORE the current line. Shift-F6 is identical in all aspects to F6 other than the original positioning of the screen, which is as follows: * If the current line is the last line (line 24) of the screen, then all lines on the screen will scroll up leaving a blank line for you to type the new line. * In all other cases, all lines on the screen below the current line will scroll down leaving a blank line for you to type the new line. Shift-F7 - Joins the current line to the previous line. The cursor position on the current line is not important at the time that this key is pressed, since the entire line will be joined to the previous line. After the lines have been joined, the joined line becomes the current line, with the cursor positioned at the first "joined" character. If you press Shift-F7 while the current line is the first line of your file, you will get the error message "Shift-F7 is not valid here". If you hit Shift-F7 by mistake, press function key F7 im- mediately to split the lines and thus "undo" the join. Shift-F8 - Cancels the edit session without saving your file. If there have not been any changes to your file since the last save (or since you began the edit if there have been no saves), the edit will terminate immediately. If there ARE unsaved changes to your file when you press Shift-F8, then the following message will appear at the bottom of the screen: Press Shift-F10 to verify cancel This message provides a safeguard in the case you press Shift-F8 by mistake. The message serves to warn you that you will lose changes to your file if you verify the can- cel. If you DO intend to cancel the edit, press Shift-F10 and the edit will end with the message "Edit cancelled - changes lost". -17- If you decide to continue with your edit rather than ver- ify the cancel, Shift-F10 becomes disabled as soon as you press any other key. In other words, Shift-F10 is enabled ONLY at the point immediately after you press Shift-F8 and there are unsaved changes to your file. Shift-F9 - Finds the previous occurrence of a string (see Section 6.5). Ctrl-F1 - Displays the ascii chart, which will overlay the right hand portion of your screen. Use the up and down arrows and the PAGE UP/PAGE DOWN keys to view the entire chart. Pressing the ESCAPE key returns you to the edit. -18- 5. STARTING A NEW FILE ------------------- If you begin an edit and the system is unable to find the file that you specified, it will assume that you are starting a new file. The message "STARTING NEW FILE" will appear at the bottom of the screen and line 3 of the screen will contain "***** BOTTOM OF DATA *****". This is called a "null-file" condition. Since there are no lines in your file, there is no current line. If you begin an edit of a file that contains no records (the file is empty or contains only an end-of-file byte), then you will also be in a "null-file" condition, but the message "STARTING NEW FILE" does NOT appear at the bottom of your screen. The only function keys that you may use in this situation are: * F1 (Help) * F2 (Erase to end-of-line), but only to erase all or part of the command line. * F6 (Type new lines before the current line) * F8 (Save/Exit) * Shift-F1 (Display the System Information Screen) * Shift-F2 (Initiate the calculator) * Shift-F3 (Initiate the User ID function) * Shift-F6 (Type new lines after the current line) * Shift-F8 (Cancel the edit session without saving the file) * Ctrl-F1 (Display ascii chart) The ONLY commands that are valid when you begin an edit of a null file are the INSERT commands (see Section 6.4). If you find that you entered the file name incorrectly, then terminate the edit by pressing Shift-F8 or by pressing function key F8 twice. A new file will NOT be created. Otherwise, do one of the following: * Press function key F6 to begin typing lines from the keyboard. * Enter an INSERT command to insert lines from another file. In a "null file" situation, the "insert before" and "insert after" commands will produce the same result. -19- Once your file contains at least one line of text, then all other com- mands and function keys will become available to you. You can also get into a "null file" condition if you delete all of the lines in your file. In this case, the command and function key limita- tions are the same as those described for starting a new file, except that you can use function key Shift-F4 to restore deleted lines into your file. The message "***** BOTTOM OF DATA *****" NEVER appears on your screen unless your file contains less than 22 lines of text (less than a full page). -20- 6. COMMANDS -------- The AM-EDIT commands are listed below. Commands are entered on the command line (line 2 of the screen). A command may be entered in upper case, lower case, or a combination of upper and lower case. D - DELETE one or more lines M - MOVE one or more lines C - COPY one or more lines I/IA - INSERT lines into your file from another file F/FI - FIND a text string [with option to replace it]. FF/FFI - FIND the first occurrence of a text string within your file [with option to replace it]. FL/FLI - FIND the last occurrence of a text string within your file [with option to replace it]. P1 - PRINT all or part of your file on printer LPT1. P2 - PRINT all or part of your file on printer LPT2. P3 - PRINT all or part of your file on printer LPT3. PF1 - Write a form feed character to printer LPT1. PF2 - Write a form feed character to printer LPT2. PF3 - Write a form feed character to printer LPT3. T - Trace and highlight the lines in your file which have been added, moved, or changed since you began the edit. As discussed earlier, you may use the command line to set the current line. To do this, enter the line number on the command line and press the ENTER key. If you are in COMMAND mode and wish to enter EDIT mode, then clear the command area (if not already clear) by pressing the ESCAPE key and then press one of the following keys: * ENTER key - Positions the cursor at the current column number of the current line. * HOME key - Positions the cursor at the first non-blank char- acter of the current line (or column 1 if the line is blank). This may cause text on the screen to shift right one or more characters. * END key - Positions the cursor after the last non-blank char- acter of the current line. If the last column of the line (column 1024) is not blank, then the cur- sor is positioned at column 1024. * TAB key - Positions the cursor at the current column number of the current line and then processes the TAB key as if it had been pressed at that point. -21- 6.1 DELETE COMMAND -------------- The DELETE command allows you to delete any number of lines from your file. To delete a single line, you would normally use function key F4, since this key can also be used while you are in EDIT mode. Each time that you delete text, either by using the DELETE command or by pressing function key F4, an entry is made into the "Delete Table". This table makes it possible for you to restore deleted line(s) at any later time, should you find it necessary (see function key Shift-F4 - restore lines). Since the "Delete Table" can hold only 20 entries, you are advised to use the DELETE command rather than function key F4 when deleting a consecutive string of lines. For example, if you wished to delete the first 25 lines of your file, you could press function key F4 a total of 25 times to accomplish the task. But at that point, you could only restore the last 20 deleted lines by using function key Shift-F4, and you would be unable to re- store any lines that you might have previously deleted. But if you used the DELETE command to delete the 25 lines as a group, only a single entry would have been made into the delete table. You could then restore all 25 lines by pressing Shift-F4 just once. To execute the DELETE command, do the following: * Position the current line at either the first or the last line that you wish to delete. * If you are in EDIT mode, get into COMMAND mode by pressing the ESCAPE key. * Enter "d" (or "D") on the command line. * Position the current line to the opposite end of the range of lines to be deleted. Unless line numbers are suppressed, the line number of each line to be deleted will be highlighted. The highlighted letter "d" will appear to the left of each line to be deleted. The word "DELETE" will be displayed in columns 1-6 of line 25 to remind you that a DELETE command is in progress. * Once all lines to be deleted are marked, press ENTER. The lines will immediately disappear from your screen. You may cancel the DELETE command at any time before pressing the ENTER key by pressing the ESCAPE key. After the completion of a DELETE command, a message showing the num- ber of lines deleted will be displayed at the bottom of the screen. If you deleted all lines in your file, you will be in a "null file" condition (see Section 5). Otherwise, after completion of the DELETE command, the current line is positioned as follows: -22- * If the line(s) deleted included the last line of your file, the current line becomes the line which is now the last line of your file. * In all other cases, the current line is positioned at the line which followed the last line that was deleted. You may delete any number of lines with this command. For example, to delete lines 100 through 222 of your file, do the following: * Position the current line at line 100. You can do this by using the up/down arrows, by using the PAGE UP/PAGE DOWN keys, or by entering "100" on the command line and pressing the ENTER key. * If in EDIT mode, press the ESCAPE key to go into COMMAND mode. * Enter "d" on the command line. * Use the down arrow and/or PAGE DOWN key until the current line is line 222. If you go past line 222, use the up arrow and/or PAGE UP key to back up. * Press ENTER to complete the deletion. You could also delete lines 100 through 222 by doing the following: * Position the current line at line 222 of your text. * If in EDIT mode, press the ESCAPE key to go into COMMAND mode. * Enter "d" on the command line. * Use the up arrow and/or PAGE UP key until the current line is line 100. If you go past line 100, use the down arrow and/or PAGE DOWN key to back up. * Press ENTER to complete the deletion. Note that you can use function key F9 (find next occurrence of a text string) or Shift-F9 (find previous occurrence of a text string) when positioning the current line during any DELETE command. However, you must first establish the text string by using a FIND command. As an example, suppose you wish to delete a segment called "tempseg" from a program which is written in assembler. Since you know that the first and the last lines of the segment begin with the word "tempseg", you can do the following: * Enter the command "FF tempseg". This will locate the first oc- currence of "tempseg" within your file. * Press the ESCAPE key to get into COMMAND mode. * Enter "d" on the command line. * Press function key F9. The current line will be positioned at the last line of the segment "tempseg", and all of the lines within the segment "tempseg" will be marked for deletion. * Press ENTER to complete the deletion. Whenever you press function key F9 or Shift-F9 while a MOVE, COPY, or DELETE command is in progress, you will stay in COMMAND mode after the text string is found. In all other cases, you go (or remain) in EDIT mode with the cursor positioned at the "found" text string. -23- 6.2 MOVE COMMAND ------------ The MOVE command allows you to move (relocate) one of more lines of text within your file. To execute the MOVE command, do the following: * Position the current line to either the first or the last line that you wish to move. * If you are in EDIT mode, get into COMMAND mode by pressing the ESCAPE key. * Enter "M" (or "m") on the command line. * Position the current line to the opposite end of the range of lines to be moved. Unless line numbers are suppressed, the line number of each line to be moved will be highlighted. The highlighted letter "m" will appear to the left of each line to be moved. The word "MOVE" will be displayed in columns 1-4 of line 25 to remind you that a MOVE command is in progress. * Once all lines to be moved are marked: * Enter "A" on the command line after the "M" if you are moving the lines after a target line. * Enter "B" on the command line after the "M" if you are moving the lines before a target line. * Position the current line to the target line of the move. * Press ENTER to complete the move. You may cancel the MOVE command at any time before pressing ENTER by pressing the ESCAPE key (ESC). To move a single line of text, enter "M A" or "M B" on the command line before positioning the current line to the target line of the move. After the completion of a MOVE command, the current line becomes the first line moved, and the number of lines moved is displayed at the bottom of the screen. You can move any number of lines with this command. For example, to move lines 200 through 345 after line 512, do the following: * Position the current line at line 200 of your file by using the up/down arrows, by using the PAGE UP and PAGE DOWN keys, or by entering "200" on the command line and pressing the ENTER key. * If you are in EDIT mode, press the ESCAPE key (ESC) to go into COMMAND mode. -24- * Enter "m" on the command line. * Use the down arrow and/or PAGE DOWN key until the current line is line 345. If you go past line 345, use the up arrow and/or PAGE UP key to back up. * Enter "a" on the command line. You will notice that the cursor was already positioned one space away from the "m" on the com- mand line. The command line now contains "m a". * Use the down arrow and/or PAGE DOWN key until the current line is line 512. If you go past line 512, use the up arrow and/or PAGE UP key to back up. * Press ENTER to complete the move. Note that like the DELETE command, you can use function keys F9 and Shift-F9 when positioning the current line. In the example above, you could have used F9 or Shift-F9 when positioning to line 200 and/or to line 345 and/or to line 512. 6.3 COPY COMMAND ------------ The COPY command allows you to copy (duplicate) one of more lines of text within your file. You may copy as many lines as you wish. To execute the COPY command, do the following: * Position the current line to either the first or the last line that you wish to copy. * If you are in EDIT mode, get into COMMAND mode by pressing the ESCAPE key. * Enter "C" (or "c") on the command line. * Position the current line to the opposite end of the range of lines to be copied. Unless line numbers are suppressed, the line number of each line to be copied will be highlighted. The highlighted letter "c" will appear to the left of each line to be copied, and the word "COPY" will be displayed in columns 1-4 of line 25 to remind you that a COPY command is in progress. * Once all lines to be copied are marked: * Enter "A" on the command line after the "C" if you are copying the lines after a target line. * Enter "B" on the command line after the "C" if you are copying the lines before a target line. * Position the current line to the target line of the copy. * Press ENTER to complete the copy. You may cancel the COPY command at any time before you press ENTER by hitting the ESCAPE key (ESC). -25- To copy a single line, enter "C A" or "C B" on the command line be- fore positioning the current line to the target line of the copy. After the completion of a COPY command, the current line becomes the first line added to the file as a result of the command, and the num- ber of lines copied is displayed at the bottom of the screen. You can copy any number of lines with this command. For example, to copy lines 99 through 122 before line 200, do the following: * Position the current line at line 99 of your file by using the up/down arrows, by using the PAGE UP and PAGE DOWN keys, or by entering "99" on the command line and pressing ENTER. * If you are in EDIT mode, press ESCAPE to get into COMMAND mode. * Enter "c" on the command line. * Use the down arrow and/or PAGE DOWN key until the current line is line 122. If you go past line 122, use the up arrow and/or PAGE UP key to back up. * Enter "b" on the command line. You will notice that the cursor was already positioned one space away from the "c" on the com- mand line. The command line now contains "c b". * Use the down arrow and/or PAGE DOWN key until the current line is line 200. If you go past line 200, use the up arrow or PAGE UP key to back up. * Press ENTER to complete the copy. Note that like the DELETE and MOVE commands, you can use function keys F9 and Shift-F9 when positioning the current line. In the above exam- ple, you could have used F9 or Shift-F9 when positioning to line 99 and/or line 122 and/or line 200. If you have an extended keyboard (101/102 keys), you can do a "repeat copy", that is, you can more conveniently copy the same line or group of lines to more than one destination within your file. To do this, press the ENTER key on the extreme right hand side of your keyboard to complete a copy instead of the normal ENTER key. You will remain in COPY mode and the lines that were marked for copying will stay marked. You can then set the current line to a new target line and press either one of the ENTER keys again. In addition to the COPY command, you can use function key F5 to copy the current line after itself. Function key F5 can be used in both EDIT mode and COMMAND mode. -26- 6.4 INSERT COMMANDS --------------- The INSERT commands are used to insert lines into your file from other files. The point at which the lines are inserted is based on the location of the current line. You must therefore position this line before you issue an INSERT command. There are two forms of the INSERT command; one to insert lines before the current line and the other to insert lines after the current line. To insert lines BEFORE the current line, enter "I" on the command line followed by the name of the file from which the lines of text are to be inserted, for example: I workfile.doc To insert lines AFTER the current line, enter "IA" on the command line followed by the name of the file from which the lines are to be in- serted, for example: ia WORKFILE.Doc If the file from which lines are to be inserted is not in the current directory, you must enter the full path name. The "current directory" is the directory you were in at the time that you executed AM-EDIT. For example, if you were in directory C:\AMEDIT when you executed the editor and you wish to insert the file WORK.TXT which is in directory C:\JACK\UTILS, you would enter: i c:\jack\utils\work.txt OR ia C:\JACK\UTILS\WORK.TXT The file that you specify in an INSERT command must be a valid text file which contains at least one line of text. The file that you are inserting from CAN be the same file that you are editing. If you do not know or cannot remember the name of the file that you wish to insert, you can do a directory search by just entering the command "I" or "IA" without an argument and pressing the ENTER key. Or, you can enter a partial directory path and/or use the global file name characters (* and ?) to initiate the directory search as on the file-to-edit screen. After the line(s) have been inserted into your file, a message at the bottom of the screen will tell you how many lines were inserted, and the current line will become the first inserted line. -27- 6.5 FIND COMMANDS ------------- The FIND commands allow you to search for a text string within your file. To execute a FIND command, do the following: * Enter one of the following commands on the command line: * "F" if you wish to start the search at the column just to the right of the current column position of the current text line. * "FF" if you wish to find the first occurrence of the text string within your file. * "FL" if you wish to find the last occurrence of the text string within your file. * Enter the text string that you wish to search for. Separate the string from the command by at least one space. The "find" text string cannot be a null string ("" or ''). * Press the ENTER key to start the search. To ignore case during a search, use FI, FFI, or FLI as the command. For example, while the command "F ab" will only search for the value "ab", the command "FI ab" will search for "ab", "Ab", "aB", and "AB". The string does not need to be enclosed in quotes unless it contains a space or if it begins with a quote or double quote. For example: Invalid: f GO TO Valid: f 'GO TO' or f "GO TO" Invalid: FF 'a Valid: FF "'a" Invalid: fli "abcd Valid: fli '"abcd' If the text string is found, the string is highlighted and the line which contains the string becomes the current line. If you are with- in a MOVE, COPY, or DELETE command, then you will remain in COMMAND mode. Otherwise, you will go into EDIT mode, with the cursor posi- tioned at the first character of the "found" text string. If the text string is not found, you will get the error message "'string' not found". Function key F9 may be used to find the next occurrence of the text string defined by the most recent FIND command. When you press F9, the search will begin at the column just to the right of the current column position of the current line. If you press F9 and a not-found condition resulted from the previous find, then the search will start at the beginning of your file. Function key Shift-F9 may be used to find the previous occurrence of the string defined by the most recent FIND command. When this key is pressed, the search begins at the column just to the left of the cur- rent column position of the current line. If you press Shift-F9 and a not-found condition resulted from the previous find, then the search starts at the end of your file. -28- 6.6 FIND COMMAND WITH OPTION TO REPLACE ----------------------------------- To use a FIND command with the option to replace a text string, enter a second text string after the "find" text string on the command line. This is the "replacement" string and must be separated from the "find" string by at least one space. The "replacement" string CAN be identical to the "find" string. The same rules that apply to the "find" string also apply to the re- placement string, that is, you need not enclose it in quotes unless it contains a space or if it begins with a quote or double quote. Unlike the "find" text string, the replacement string can be a null string, for example, the following is a valid command: F 'word one' '' In the above example, you are replacing the text string "word one" with a null string. The FIND-AND-REPLACE command works the same as the FIND command with the exception that each time that the "find" text string is located within your file and the cursor is positioned at that string, the value "F10" will appear in columns 13-15 of the bottom line of the screen. The purpose of this is to inform you that function key F10 is now enabled, that is, you may press F10 at that point to replace the "find" string with the "replacement" string. If you DO wish to replace the "found" text string, press function key F10 immediately. The text will be replaced and the system will search for the NEXT occurrence of the "find" string. If you do not wish to replace the string, you may press function key F9 to find the next occurrence of the "find" text string or Shift-F9 to find the previous occurrence. Note that function key F10 is enabled only under the follow circum- stances: * You are within a find-and-replace command. * The cursor is positioned at the first column of the "found" text string. * The "found" string is highlighted. * The value "F10" appears in columns 13-15 of the bottom line of the screen. If you press function key F10 at any other time, you will get the error message "Key not enabled at this time". -29- 6.7 FIND AND REPLACE ALL -------------------- To replace ALL occurrences of a text string, enter the keyword "A" or "ALL" after the "replacement" string on the command line. You must separate the keyword from the "replacement" string by one or more spaces. The system will replace ALL occurrences of the "find" string within your file with the "replacement" string. Examples of find-and-replace-all commands are: F PIC PICTURE a or f PIC PICTURE aLL In the above examples, you are replacing all occurrences of the text string "PIC" with the text string "PICTURE". After the completion of a find-and-replace-all command, the position of the current line remains unchanged, and you remain in COMMAND mode. A message at the bottom of the screen will give you a count of text replacements. It is possible that when you are replacing all occurrences of a text string with a longer text string, one of more lines in your file may exceed the maximum record length of 1024 characters. If this should occur, the lines which exceed the maximum length will be truncated to 1024 characters in length and the message that informs you of the num- ber of text replacements will also give you a count of the number of lines that were truncated. Since the "replacement" string CAN be the same as the "find" string, you can use the find-and-replace-all command to determine the number of occurrences of a particular string within your file. For example, the command "f simply simply all" will give you a count of the number of times that the word "simply" occurs in your file. -30- 6.8 PRINT COMMANDS -------------- The PRINT commands provide an alternative to using the DOS print com- mand to get a printer listing of your text file. These commands allow you to produce a more orderly listing, and allow you to print only a portion of your file if you so desire. When you use a PRINT command, all lines from the current line to the end of your file will be printed. You must therefore position the cur- rent line to the first line that you wish to print before you issue the command. The User ID Function (see Section 9) allows you to set the following parameters for printing: * Whether or not to print the file name at the top of each page of your listing. * Whether or not line numbers are to be included in the listing. * The maximum number of lines to be printed on a page. The valid PRINT commands are "P1", "P2" and "P3". The printed output will be routed to the printer designated as LPT1 if you use the command "P1", to LPT2 if the command is "P2", or to LPT3 if the command is "P3". You may also use the commands "PF1", "PF2" and "PF3" to issue form feed commands to the printers. The PRINT commands provide an easy method for you to list any portion of your file, complete with the correct line numbers. For example, to print lines 244-456 of a 900-line file: * Delete lines 457-900 by doing the following: * Enter "457" on the command line and press ENTER * Enter "d" on the command line * Press Ctrl-PAGE DOWM * Press ENTER to completion the deletion * Position the current line at line 244 * Issue the PRINT command * Press Shift-F4 to restore lines 457-900 The ability to print any range of lines is especially useful when you encounter a problem with your printer in the middle of a listing. You should be aware that the first command issued to a printer during an edit will initialize that printer, which will nullify any settings that you may have made. You should thus issue a form feed command to the printer and then make your settings before you issue a print. -31- 6.9 TRACE COMMAND ------------- The TRACE command allows you to find all lines within your file that have been added, moved, copied, or changed since you began the edit. Lines that have been deleted cannot be traced, but can be restored. To initiate the command, enter "T" on the command line and press the ENTER key. If there are no altered lines to display, the message "END OF DATA" will appear at the bottom of the screen. Otherwise, the cursor will be positioned at the first altered line within your file. The line will be highlighted, and one of the fol- lowing messages will appear at the bottom of the screen: * Line changed * Line added by copy/changed * Line moved * Line added by copy/moved * Line moved/changed * Line added by copy/moved/changed * Line added * Line inserted * Line added/changed * Line inserted/changed * Line added/moved * Line inserted/moved * Line added/moved/changed * Line inserted/moved/changed * Line added by copy To find the next altered line, press ENTER again. Once all altered lines have been located, the message "END OF DATA" will appear. You can cancel the TRACE command at any time by pressing the ESCAPE key or by entering a different command. You can use the up/down arrows and the PAGE UP/PAGE DOWN keys to skip over lines or to back up while doing a trace. The following rules apply: * A line can be changed by direct action from the keyboard, by a find-and-replace command, by a find-and-replace-all command, by a "split line" command, or by a "join line" command. There is no way to tell how many times a line has been changed. * If a line has been both changed and moved, there is no way to tell if the line was changed before or after the move. * If a line is moved and later moved back to it's original posi- tion within the file, it is still marked as "moved". * If a line is changed and is later changed back to its original form, it is still marked as "changed". The one exception is if you use function key F3 to restore a line. * If a line is changed and then copied, the line which was added to the file as a result is marked as "added by copy" but is not marked as "changed". -32- 7. SYSTEM INFORMATION SCREEN ------------------------- The System Information Screen is displayed when you press function key Shift-F1. This screen will overlay your current screen, but by press- ing any key, the current screen is restored. The following information appears on the System Information Screen: * The current date and time. * The amount of memory available on your computer for storage of text. * The amount of memory currently being used for storage of text. * The amount of memory unused. * The search string defined in the most recent FIND command. This is the value that the system will search for if you press func- tion key F9 or Shift-F9. If you have not used the FIND command since you began the edit, then the value "None" is displayed. * The "replacement" string defined in the most recent find-and- replace command. If you have not yet used a FIND command with the option to replace, the value "None" is displayed. * The size (length) of the longest record in your file at the time that the file was loaded. This value does not change dur- ing the edit unless you insert records from another file and one or more of the inserted lines exceeds the length of the longest record already in the file. * A file update summary containing the following: * Starting line count. This is the number of lines that were in the file when you began the edit. * Lines added. This is the number of lines that you have added to your file either by typing from the keyboard, by copying lines, by splitting lines, or by inserting lines from other files. It does NOT include lines that were added, but have since been deleted from the file. * Lines changed. This is the number of lines that have been changed at least once during the edit. It does NOT include lines that were changed, but have since been deleted from the file. * Lines deleted. The number of lines that have been deleted from the file since the edit began. This does NOT include lines that were deleted and then restored into the file. * Current line count. This is the number of lines that are currently in the file. -33- 8. USING THE CALCULATOR -------------------- The calculator is initiated by pressing Shift-F2. Initiation of the calculator does not interfere in any way with the editing of your text, and is provided merely as a convenience. When initiated, the calculator will occupy a window overlaying the right half of your edit screen. There are two input fields; a function and an amount. The function is a one-character field. Valid functions are "+" for add, "-" for sub- tract, "*" for multiply, and "/" for divide. Once the function is entered, you are prompted for an amount. Leading zeros in the amount are ignored. If you press the ENTER key without having entered an amount, the cursor returns to the function field. The system displays the last 15 function/amount transactions entered. Once you exceed 15 transactions, the oldest transaction scrolls off the screen as each new one is entered. Function keys F1-F9 have new definitions within the calculator. The keys are enabled only when the cursor is positioned at the calcula- tor's function field. The function key definitions are: * F1 - Sets the number of digits which are allowed to the right of the decimal point. The number may be 0, 1, or 2. Each time you press F1, the number is increased by 1. If the number is already 2, then the number reverts to zero. * F2 - Toggles the sign of the total. The sign of the subtotal is not changed. * F3 - Erases the most recent function/amount transaction, and adjusts the total accordingly. * F4 - Repeats the previous function/amount transaction. * F5 - Adds the total to the subtotal. * F6 - Adds the subtotal to the total. * F7 - Moves the total to the subtotal. * F8 - Moves the subtotal to the total. * F9 - Sets the total to zero. To clear the calculator, press the ESCAPE key. This will set both the total and the subtotal to zero. Pressing the ESCAPE key while the calculator is already clear returns you to your edit. -34- The following error messages may appear while you are using the cal- culator. All messages will appear at the bottom of the calculator window. 1. Need +,-,*, or / You have entered a character in the function field which is other than "+" (add), "-" (subtract), "*" (multiply), or "/" (divide). 2. Must be numeric You have enter a non-numeric character (other than a decimal point) in the amount field. 3. No decimal point You attempted to enter a decimal point in the amount, but the number of digits to the right of the decimal point (as set by function key F1) is zero. 4. Dup. decimal point You attempted to enter a decimal point in an amount field, but the amount already contains a decimal point. 5. F3 not valid here You pressed function key F3 to erase the most recent function/ amount transaction, but you have yet to enter a transaction. OR You have pressed function key F3 after you have already erased the most recent function/amount transaction. Only the most re- cent transaction can be erased. 6. F4 not valid here You pressed function key F4 to repeat the most recent transac- tion, but you have not yet entered your first transaction. 7. Amount Overflow You have entered a transaction which would cause the number of digits in the TOTAL to exceed the maximum number of digits al- lowed. The maximum number of digits is 18 minus the number of digits to the right of the decimal point. -35- 9. USER ID FUNCTION ---------------- The User ID Function is initiated by pressing Shift-F3. The "User ID" concept provides a method by which different users of the same compu- ter may have different parameters, such as screen colors. Initiation of the User ID Function does not interfere in any way with your edit. When initiated, the User ID menu screen will overlay your edit screen, with the current User ID displayed at the top of the screen. If there has not yet been a User ID defined on your computer, the current User ID will be "NONE" and the system will be using default parameters. When you begin an edit, the current User ID will be the same as that in effect when the editor was last terminated. The User ID menu offers 3 options. They are: 1. Define a new User ID 2. Change the Current User ID 3. Update the parameters for the Current User ID You may not use options 2 or 3 until at least one User ID has been de- fined on your computer. You may NOT alter the default parameters. To define a new user ID, select option 1. You will be prompted for the new User ID. The User ID may be up to 10 characters in length and must be alphanumeric. Lower case letters will be translated to upper case. When a new User ID is defined, it inherits all parameters of the cur- rent User ID, and also BECOMES the current User ID. If this is the 1st User ID defined on your computer, then it will inherit the "default" parameters. You may, of course, select option 3 to change the parame- ters once the new User ID has been defined. Select option 2 on the User ID menu if you wish to change the current User ID. You will be prompted for the new ID. The ID that you enter must have been previously defined using option 1. Once the ID has been entered and found to be valid, the parameters which have been set for that user become effective immediately. If the new parameters include different colors, these colors will take effect on the User ID screen, and will be applied to the edit screen when you exit the User ID func- tion by pressing the ESCAPE key. To change the parameters for the current User ID, select option 3. A new window will appear which will allow you to change any of the fol- lowing parameters: * Text background and foreground colors * Highlighted area background and foreground colors * Border color -36- * Alarm length (lets you turn the alarm off if you so desire) * Alarm tone (set the tone of the alarm to your liking) * The number of lines to scroll when you press the PAGE UP or the PAGE DOWN key while paging through your file. The Default value is 11 (a half page). You may set the value to any number from 1 to 22. If you wish to scroll a full page when you press PAGE UP or PAGE DOWN, set the number to 22. * The typematic rate. The "typematic rate" is the rate at which a keystroke repeats automatically while you hold down a key. You can set the rate to 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, 24, or 30. The de- fault is 30. Setting the typematic rate is only effective on the PC/AT and all PS/2 computers. On all other computers, you can change the typematic rate, but it will have no effect. * The option of whether or not to keep the typematic rate in ef- fect when you exit the editor. The default is NO. Set the value to YES if you wish to apply the typematic rate to DOS and other programs. Again, this option is only effective on the PC/AT and all PS/2 computers. * The option of whether or not to suppress line numbers on your screen. The default is NO. If you set this option to YES, then sequential line numbers will NOT appear to the left of the text lines. The absence of line numbers allows 78 columns of data to appear on your screen, as opposed to 73 WITH line numbers. * The option of whether or not to display hidden files during a directory search. The default is NO. By setting the option to YES, hidden files will be displayed along with other files when you do a directory search either when you are finding the file- to-edit or when you are inserting lines from another file. Hid- den files within a directory list are identified by an asterisk (*) next to the file name. * The option of whether or not to replace blanks with tab charac- ters when writing an edited file back to disk. The default is NO. Setting this option to YES can save on the amount of disk space needed to store your file. The system automatically converts tab characters to blanks when it loads a file. * The option of whether or not the system should create a backup file (.BKP) during an edit in which you change a file. The de- fault is NO. If you set this option to YES, then your file will be renamed "yourfile.BKP" the first time that you do a save of your file. For example, if the option is YES and you change a file named "STARTUP.DOC", then after a normal exit from the editor: -37- STARTUP.DOC will contain your edited file. STARTUP.BKP will contain the version of SRARTUP.DOC as it existed before the edit. If a file named STARTUP.BKP al- ready existed, it would have been deleted before the new version of STARTUP.BKP was created. * The option of whether or not to print the file name at the top of each page when you print all or part of your file. Default is YES. * The option of whether or not to include line numbers in a list- ing when you print all or part of your file. Default is YES. It does not matter whether or not line numbers are suppressed. * The maximum number of lines to be printed per page when print- ing all or part of your file. Default is 60. You can set this number to any value from 50 to 70. Remember that printing the file name at the top of each page takes 2 lines. Thus, if the "Print file name" option is YES and the lines per page is 60, each page of your listing will have a line containing the file name followed by a blank line and 58 text lines. To change a parameter, use the up/down arrows to set the pointer to the parameter that you wish to change. Then use the left and right arrows to set the parameter to the desired value. For example, to change the text background color, set the pointer to the "text background color" field using the up/down arrows, then use the left/right arrows to set the desired color. Each time you press the left or right arrow, the background color changes on the parameter screen. Any colors that you change will be applied to your edit screen if, and only if, you save your changes. After you have set the parameters to your satisfaction, you may press function key F1 to save the parameters. If you decide NOT to save the parameters, press the ESCAPE key. After you have pressed either F1 or ESCAPE, you will return to the User ID menu screen. From there, you can press the ESCAPE key to return to your edit screen. All User ID's are maintained by the system on the file AMEDIT.DAT in the root directory of your hard disk. This 1204-byte file is created by the system at the time that you define your first User ID. Do NOT attempt to create or update this file yourself! The maximum number of user ID's that can be maintained on AMEDIT.DAT is 30. If you should ever wish to delete all User ID's that have been defined on your computer and start over, you must delete AMEDIT.DAT from your root directory. -38- The following error messages may appear while you are within the User ID function. 1. Invalid response On the User ID menu screen, you have pressed a key other than "1", "2", "3", or the ESCAPE key. OR On the parameter update screen, you have pressed a key other than up arrow, down arrow, left arrow, right arrow, function key F1 to save your changes, or the ESCAPE key to return to the User ID menu screen without saving. 2. User ID must be alphanumeric While entering a User ID, you have entered a character other than a letter or a number. 3. You must first define a new User ID You have selected option 2 or 3 on the menu screen, but there are no User ID's defined on your computer. You must define at least one User ID before you can use these options. 4. User ID "idname" is not defined You are attempting to change the current User ID, but the ID that you entered has not been defined. 5. User ID "idname" is already defined You are attempting to add a new User ID to the system, but the User ID that you entered has already been defined. 6. User ID Table is full You are attempting to add a new User ID, but there are already 30 user ID's defined on your computer. This is the maximum. If you wish to delete all user ID's and start over, you must del- ete file AMEDIT.DAT from the root directory of your hard disk. -39- APPENDIX A - MESSAGES --------------------- There are 2 types of messages within AM-EDIT; Informative messages and error messages. All messages are centered on the screen's bottom line. A message is normally cleared from the screen as soon as you press the next key. However, if the next key pressed is a key which causes a new screen to overlay your edit screen (such as F1 - HELP), then the mes- sage will still be on the screen when you return to the edit. A.1 INFORMATIVE MESSAGES ------------------------- Informative messages inform you of action which has been taken or which cannot be taken as the result of a command that you entered or a function key that you pressed. The alarm does NOT sound when these messages appear. 1. Lines deleted: nnnnn Tells you how many lines were deleted after the completion of a DELETE command or after you have pressed function key F4 to delete the current line. 2. Lines restored: nnnnn Tells you how many lines were restored into your file after you have pressed Shift-F4 to restore deleted line(s). 3. Lines moved: nnnnn Tells you how many lines were moved after the completion of a MOVE command. 4. Lines copied: nnnnn Tells you how many lines were copied after the completion of a COPY command. 5. Lines inserted: nnnnn [Truncated: nnnnn] Tells you how many lines were added to your file after you use an INSERT command to insert lines from another file. If any inserted lines exceeded the maximum record length of 1024 characters, then those lines were truncated and a count of the records truncated is included in the message. 6. Substitutions: nnnnn [Truncated: nnnnn] After a find-and-replace-all command, tells you how many oc- currences of the "find" string were located and replaced by the "replacement" string. -40- If you were replacing a text string with a longer string, it is possible that one or more of the lines altered by the com- mand exceeded the maximum record length of 1024 characters. If so, then the effected line(s) are truncated to 1024 characters in length, and a count of the truncated lines is included in the message. 7. Saving Informs you that the system is in the process of saving your file. The message appears after you press function key F8 and there have been changes to your file since the last save (or since you began the edit if this is the first save). 8. Data saved - Repeat F8 to end edit This message replaces message #7 after the save is completed to inform you that you may now terminate the edit by pressing function key F8 again. You do NOT have to end the edit at this point. 9. Data unchanged - Repeat F8 to end edit This message can appear after you press function key F8 to in- form you that there are no changes to save, and that you may now terminate the edit by pressing F8 again. You do NOT have to end the edit at this point. 10. Printing Appears after a PRINT command to inform you that the system is in the process of sending your text to the print queue. 11. *** TOP OF DATA *** You have pressed the "up arrow", PAGE UP, or Shift-TAB key, but the key cannot be processed because you are already at the top line or top page of your file. 12. *** END OF DATA *** Informs you that a key that you have just pressed (such as "down arrow", PAGE DOWN, ENTER, or TAB) cannot be processed because you are already at the bottom line or bottom page of your file. The message will also appear during a TRACE command once there are no more altered lines to display. 13. Press Shift-F10 to verify cancel Can appear after you press the cancel key (Shift-F8) to inform you that there are unsaved changes to your file. Asks you to verify that you wish to cancel the edit despite the fact that you will lose those changes. -41- If you decide that you do NOT wish to cancel the edit, you may press any other key to continue with the edit. 14. Directory Search cancelled You initiated a directory search from the file-to-edit screen of during an INSERT command, but you then cancelled the search by pressing function key F8. 15. STARTING NEW FILE The system could not locate the file that you specified as the file-to-edit. This message informs you that a new file will be created. If you notice that you entered the file name incor- rectly, you can press Shift-F8 to cancel the edit. This will avoid the creation of a new file. 16. Edit cancelled - changes lost You have cancelled an edit in which there were unsaved changes by pressing Shift-F8 followed by Shift-F10. All of the unsaved changes were therefore lost. This message appears on the file- to-edit screen as the system prompts you for the next file to be edited. 17. Edit cancelled You have cancelled an edit by pressing Shift-F8. There were no unsaved changes to the file at the time that you pressed the key. This message appears on the file-to-edit screen. 18. Loading file This message tells you that the system is in the process of loading a file. The message will appear either on the file- to-edit screen or on the edit screen following an INSERT command after you have either entered a valid file name or selected a file by way of a directory search. 19. End of line You have either pressed the right arrow key or entered a char- acter on a line where the cursor is already positioned at the last column of the line. Normally when you type a character, the cursor moves 1 position to the right to allow you to enter the next character. This message tells you that having reached the end of the line, the cursor is unable to move. You can continue typing characters after this message appears, but each typed character will overwrite the character which is already at the end of the line. -42- A.2 ERROR MESSAGES ------------------- Error messages are displayed when you attempt some action which is not allowed or which cannot be performed by the system. The alarm will normally sound when an error message is displayed. You can use the User ID function (see Section 9) to adjust the length and tone of the alarm for your User ID. The "alarm length" parameter controls how long the alarm sounds. To turn the alarm off, position the arrow on the User ID Parameter screen to the "alarm length" field and press the left arrow until the alarm cannot be heard. Then press function key F1 to save. 1. Invalid command The system does not recognize your command. 2. Extra character(s) on line You have entered a valid command, but there are one or more extra characters on the command line. For example, you enter "d 1", but the character "1" is unneeded. If you had entered "d1", the error "Invalid command" would have resulted. 3. Command invalid at this point This error occurs in a "null file" condition (there are no lines of data in your file) if you attempt to execute any command from the command line other than an INSERT command. The only commands valid in a "null file" condition are "I" to insert before, and "IA" to insert after. When there are no lines of text in your file, these commands are identical in function. 4. Incomplete command You have entered a valid command, but the command requires an argument. For example, you entered "F" alone as the com- mand, but a FIND command requires at least 1 argument. This error can occur on a FIND, MOVE, or COPY command. 5. Improper Move command You have attempted to move a range of lines to a position within the range itself, for example, you attempt to move lines 21-28 after line 24. Note that you would get this error message if you attempted to move line 21-28 after line 28 or attempted to move lines 21-28 before line 21, since these commands would not result in the actual movement of any lines. -43- 6. Improper Copy command You have attempted to copy a range of lines to a position within the range itself. For example, you attempt to copy lines 45-65 after line 55. You can copy lines 45-65 after line 65, but you cannot copy lines 45-65 BEFORE line 65. Conversely, you may copy lines 45-65 before line 45 but not AFTER line 45. 7. Invalid keyword During a MOVE or a COPY command, you have entered a keyword other than "a" or "b" on the command line at the point that you are ready to set the current line to the target line of the move or copy. OR You are attempting to execute a find-and-replace-all command, but have entered a keyword other than "a" or "all" after the "replacement" text string. 8. This key has no meaning You have pressed a key which has no meaning. For example, most Ctrl-function key and Alt-function key combinations have no meaning in this version of AM-EDIT. 9. Null string not valid here You have entered a null string as the search argument within a FIND command. A null string is valid in a FIND command only if it is the replacement argument. 10. Unmatched quote Within a FIND command, you have entered either a search string or a replacement string which begins with a quote or a double quote, but you did not end the string with a matching quote or double quote. 11. "search string" not found You have done one of the following: * Entered a FIND or FIND-AND-REPLACE command. * Pressed function key F9 to find the next occurrence of a text string. * Pressed Shift-F9 to find the previous occurrence of a text string. The message informs you that the text string was not found be- fore the end (or beginning) of your file was reached. You may press function key F9 (or Shift-F9) to restart the search at the first (or last) line of your file. -44- Due to the limited space available for message display, only the first 27 characters of the "search string" will appear in the message should the string exceed 27 characters in length. 12. There is no search argument You have pressed function key F9 (or Shift-F9) to find the next (or previous) occurrence of a text string, but you have not yet used a FIND command during the edit to define a text string for which to search. 13. Nothing to restore You have pressed Shift-F4 to restore lines, but there are no lines to restore. This could mean that you have not yet deleted any lines during the edit, or that you have already restored all of the deleted lines which can be restored (The delete table can hold only 20 entries). 14. Line full You are in insert mode (as opposed to overwrite mode) and you attempt to insert a character into a line which cannot accept the character. This means that there is already a non-blank character in the last column of the line. 15. Command conflict You have entered a command on the command line and then, in- stead of pressing the ENTER key to execute the command, you pressed a function key (such as F4) which acts as a command. The system does not know whether to process the command or the function key. The message will appear if you press any of the following keys while the command line is NOT blank. * F4 - delete the current line * F5 - duplicate the current line * F6 - type new line(s) before the current line * F7 - split the current line * F9 - find the next occurrence of a string * Shift-F4 - restore deleted line(s) * Shift-F6 - type new line(s) after the current line * Shift-F7 - join the current line to the previous line * Shift-F9 - find the previous occurrence of a string -45- 16. Key not valid while adding text You have pressed one of the following function keys while in the process of typing a new text line into your file. * F4 - Delete the current line * F5 - Duplicate the current line * F7 - Split the current line * Shift-F4 - Restore deleted line(s) * Shift-F7 - Join the current line to the previous line 17. Shift-F7 not valid here You have pressed Shift-F7 (join the current line to the prev- ious line) while the current line is the first line of your file. Thus there is no previous line to which the current line can be joined. 18. Key not enabled at this time You have pressed function key F10 or Shift-F10, but the key is not enabled at the time that it was pressed. Function key F10 is enabled at the point immediately after you have located an occurrence of a "find" string during a find-and-replace command. Shift-F10 is enabled ONLY at the point immediately after you have pressed Shift-F8 to cancel your edit and the message "Press Shift-F10 to verify cancel" appears at the bottom of your screen. 19. Printer not ready - Command ignored You have entered a print command ("P1", "P2", or "P3") or a form feed command ("PF1" or "PF2" or "PF3"), but the desig- nated printer is either turned off, is not on-line, or is out of paper. 20. Printer does not exist You have entered a print or a form feed command, but the de- signated printer does not exist. For example, you entered the command "P3", but there is no printer assigned to "LPT3" on your computer. 21. Line overflow - key ignored You have pressed Shift-F7 to join a line to the previous line or you pressed function key F10 to replace a string during a find-and-replace operation, but the resulting line would have exceeded the maximum line length of 1024 characters. The key was therefore ignored. -46- 22. This is a null file The file specified in an INSERT command is a null file (a file that exists, but which has no records). Therefore, there were no lines inserted into your file as a result of the command. 23. Out of memory - cancel recommended This error can occur ONLY during a find-and-replace-all com- mand in which you are replacing all occurrences of a string with a LONGER string. The message informs you that the system ran out of memory be- fore all strings were replaced. Unless you can correct the problem, it is recommended that you cancel the edit at this point, since the file has been corrupted. 24. Lines truncated: nnnnn This message can appear after the initial loading of your file to inform you that one or more lines in the file exceeded the maximum line length of 1024 characters. Those lines were thus truncated to 1024 characters. 25. This is not a text file The file that you specified as the argument in an INSERT com- mand is not a text file. You can not merge non-text files into text files. 26. Invalid file name The file name that you entered as the "file to edit" or as the argument in an INSERT command is not a valid DOS file name. Some examples of invalid file names are: c:\aworkfile (File name is over 8 characters in length) c:\work.info (Suffix is over 3 characters in length) a\:work (Should be a:\work) b:\workfile. (Missing file suffix or extra character) 27. Invalid path The file name that you entered as the "file to edit" or as the argument in one of the INSERT commands has an invalid path. The likely cause of this error is the existance of an invalid directory name within the file path. For example, you entered the file name "C:\DOC\WORK", but the directory "DOC" does not exist. -47- 28. File access denied The file that you specified as the "file-to-edit" or as the argument in an INSERT command cannot be accessed. This could mean that you entered a directory name as the file name, for example, you typed "C:\DOS" as the file name. 29. File not found The file specified in an INSERT command was not found. Remem- ber that you must enter the full path name unless the file is in the current directory (the directory you were in when you executed AM-EDIT). Remember also that you can do a directory search to find the desired file. 30. Out of memory - File truncated During the initial loading of your file, the system ran out of memory before it could load the entire file. This message can only appear at the beginning of an edit while the system is in the process of loading your file. The suggested remedy is to break down your file into modules and then use whatever statements (such as INCLUDE or COPY) which are appropriate for your programming language to com- bine the modules during compilation. 31. Command would cause memory overflow A command cannot be executed due to the fact that a memory overflow condition would result. If you have done a lot of deleting and inserting of text lines, the best thing to do when this message appears is to perform a normal save/exit and then restart the edit. 32. Too many lines - File truncated During the initial loading of your file, the system loaded the first 60,000 lines, but could not load the remainder of the file because of the system limitation on the number of lines. This message would ONLY appear at the beginning of an edit, while the system is loading your file. See error message 30 for a suggested remedy. 33. Command would cause line overflow A command cannot be executed due to the system limitation on the number of text lines. The command would have caused the number of text lines to exceed 60,000. See message 30 for a suggested remedy. -48- 34. Memory is at capacity The system has used all available memory. You may not execute any command which would increase the size of your file, except for function key Shift-F4 (restore deleted lines). 35. You may NOT update a non-text file You have have pressed a function key which would have caused a non-text file to be updated. You are only allowed to browse through non-text files. 36. Command not valid for non-text files You have entered a command which is not valid while browsing through a non-text file. The only command which is valid here is the FIND command. -49-